The blue colour of the copper sulphate crystals turns white on heating because of the loss of water during crystallisation. Related Articles Theppitak, Chatphorn; Chainok, Kittipong (2015). "Crystal Structure of CdSO 4(H 2O): A Redetermination". Acta Crystallographica Section E. 71 (10): i8–i9. doi: 10.1107/S2056989015016904. PMC 4647421. PMID 26594423. {{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) The scientific definition of a "crystal" is based on the microscopic arrangement of atoms inside it, called the crystal structure. A crystal is a solid where the atoms form a periodic arrangement. ( Quasicrystals are an exception, see below).

X. Huang, Y. Chen, N. Su, H. Lu, J. Li, J. Li and H. Hao, Huagong Xuebao, 2019, 36, 10–23 Search PubMed.Patti Wigington (31 August 2016). "Using Crystals and Gemstones in Magic". About.com. Archived from the original on 15 November 2016 . Retrieved 14 November 2016. One of the most distinct characteristics of spike protein vaccine injuries is their damage to the cardiovascular system. Beyond heart issues (e.g., myocarditis), both large and small clots form (which I believe to some degree to be a consequence of poor zeta potential). Most importantly, significant damage occurs to the endothelial lining of the blood vessels, which in my opinion, is what most directly links the spike protein vaccines to accelerated aging. Fig. 9 (a) The comparison of the molecular conformation of VHWE (magenta) and VHWM (orange). (b) Conformational comparison of VHW (green, red and blue represent conformations I, II and III of VHW, respectively), VHWES and VHWMS.

Conde, M. M., Vega, C., Tribello, G. A. & Slater, B. The phase diagram of water at negative pressures: Virtual ices. J. Chem. Phys. 131, 034510 (2009).

Andress, K. R.; Carpenter, C. (1934). "Die Struktur von Chromchlorid- und Aluminiumchloridhexahydrat". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Kristallgeometrie, Kristallphysik, Kristallchemie. 87: 446–463.

Xypex researchers recognized the opportunity for a chemical treatment that would fill these microscopic capillaries to prevent the penetration of water and other liquids. Through the principle of diffusion, the chemicals in Xypex products react with water and travel through the capillaries of the concrete. The chemical reaction between Xypex, water and the byproducts of cement hydration form a new non-soluble crystalline structure that internally seals the concrete and renders it waterproof.

Wordle Helper

Hair, Neil J.; Beattie, James K. (1977). "Structure of Hexaaquairon(III) Nitrate Trihydrate. Comparison of Iron(II) and Iron(III) Bond Lengths in High-Spin Octahedral Environments". Inorganic Chemistry. 16 (2): 245–250. doi: 10.1021/ic50168a006. A few examples of crystallographic defects include vacancy defects (an empty space where an atom should fit), interstitial defects (an extra atom squeezed in where it does not fit), and dislocations (see figure at right). Dislocations are especially important in materials science, because they help determine the mechanical strength of materials.

Blake, Alexander J.; Cooke, Paul A.; Hubberstey, Peter; Sampson, Claire L. (2001). "Zinc(II) sulfate tetrahydrate". Acta Crystallographica Section E. 57 (12): i109–i111. doi: 10.1107/S1600536801017998.The flat faces (also called facets) of a euhedral crystal are oriented in a specific way relative to the underlying atomic arrangement of the crystal: they are planes of relatively low Miller index. [10] This occurs because some surface orientations are more stable than others (lower surface energy). As a crystal grows, new atoms attach easily to the rougher and less stable parts of the surface, but less easily to the flat, stable surfaces. Therefore, the flat surfaces tend to grow larger and smoother, until the whole crystal surface consists of these plane surfaces. (See diagram on right.) Main articles: Crystallographic defect, Impurity, Crystal twinning, and Mosaicity Two types of crystallographic defects. Top right: edge dislocation. Bottom right: screw dislocation. Another common type of crystallographic defect is an impurity, meaning that the "wrong" type of atom is present in a crystal. For example, a perfect crystal of diamond would only contain carbon atoms, but a real crystal might perhaps contain a few boron atoms as well. These boron impurities change the diamond's color to slightly blue. Likewise, the only difference between ruby and sapphire is the type of impurities present in a corundum crystal. Specific industrial techniques to produce large single crystals (called boules) include the Czochralski process and the Bridgman technique. Other less exotic methods of crystallization may be used, depending on the physical properties of the substance, including hydrothermal synthesis, sublimation, or simply solvent-based crystallization. Note: since zeta potential gets "better" as it becomes more negative, I cannot refer to that change as increasing "zeta potential" since there is ambiguity in what is being referred to (increasing typically refers to becoming more positive). For that reason, I always use words like "improve" instead. Additionally, for a positively charged colloidal system (these are much rarer), a more positive zeta potential would "improve" that system's colloidal stability.