Harries, H.C. On the common origin of southeast asia of phytoplasma associated diseases of coconut. Coconut Res. Dev. 1998, 14, 34. [ Google Scholar] Nguyen, Q.T.; Bandupriya, H.D.; Lopez-Villalobos, A.; Sisunandar, S.; Foale, M.; Adkins, S.W. Tissue culture and associated biotechnological interventions for the improvement of coconut ( Cocos nucifera L.): A review. Planta 2015, 242, 1059–1076. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed] Palaspas, woven palm fronds during Palm Sunday celebrations in the Philippines A "coconut monkey" from Mexico, a common souvenir carved from coconut shells

Mazzottini-dos-Santos, H.C.; Ribeiro, L.M.; Oliveira, D.M.; Paiva, E.A. Ultrastructural aspects of metabolic pathways and translocation routes during mobilization of seed reserves in Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae). Rev. Bras. Bot. 2020, 43, 589–600. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Thomas, G.V.; Krishnakumar, V.; Dhanapal, R.; Reddy, D.S. Agro-management Practices for Sustainable Coconut Production. In The Coconut Palm (Cocos nucifera L.)-Research and Development Perspectives; Nampoothiri, K.U.K., Krishnakumar, V., Thampan, P.K., Nair, M.A., Eds.; Springer: Singapore, 2019; pp. 227–322. ISBN 978-981-13-2754-4. [ Google Scholar]

Journals

Sri Lanka is the world's fourth-largest producer of coconuts and is the second-largest producer of coconut oil and copra, accounting for 15% of the global production. [110] The production of coconuts is the main source of Sri Lanka economy, with 12% of cultivated land and 409,244 hectares used for coconut growing (2017). Sri Lanka established its Coconut Development Authority and Coconut Cultivation Board and Coconut Research Institute in the early British Ceylon period. [110] United States The name coconut is derived from the 16th-century Portuguese word coco, meaning 'head' or 'skull' after the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features. [34] [35] [36] [37] Coco and coconut apparently came from 1521 encounters by Portuguese and Spanish explorers with Pacific Islanders, with the coconut shell reminding them of a ghost or witch in Portuguese folklore called coco (also côca). [37] [38] In the West it was originally called nux indica, a name used by Marco Polo in 1280 while in Sumatra. He took the term from the Arabs, who called it جوز هندي jawz hindī, translating to 'Indian nut'. [39] Thenga, its Tamil/ Malayalam name, was used in the detailed description of coconut found in Itinerario by Ludovico di Varthema published in 1510 and also in the later Hortus Indicus Malabaricus. [40] Uhl, N.W.; Dransfield, J. General Palmarum: A Classification of Palms Based on the Work of Harold E. Moore Jr.; Bailey Hortorium and the International Palm Society: Lawrence, KS, USA, 1988; Volume 54, pp. 511–512. [ Google Scholar]

Grated coconut that is dehydrated by drying or baking is known as "desiccated coconut." It contains less than 3% of the original moisture content of coconut meat. It is predominantly used in the bakery and confectionary industries (especially in non-coconut-producing countries) because of its longer shelf life compared to freshly grated coconut. [128] [129] [130] Desiccated coconut is used in confections and desserts such as macaroons. Dried coconut is also used as the filling for many chocolate bars. Some dried coconut is purely coconut, but others are manufactured with other ingredients, such as sugar, propylene glycol, salt, and sodium metabisulfite.Both Malauhog and Malakanin meats of immature coconuts can be eaten as is or used in salads, drinks, desserts, and pastries such as buko pie and es kelapa muda. Because of their soft textures, they are unsuitable for grating. Mature Malakatad coconut meat has a tough texture and thus is processed before consumption or made into copra. Freshly shredded mature coconut meat, known as "grated coconut", "shredded coconut", or "coconut flakes", is used in the extraction of coconut milk. They are also used as a garnish for various dishes, as in klepon and puto bumbong. They can also be cooked in sugar and eaten as a dessert in the Philippines known as bukayo. [118] [124] [125] [126] [127] Additionally, some people are allergic to coconuts, though this is rare. If you have this allergy, you should avoid consuming all coconut-derived products ( 32). Summary In Kerala, India, the main coconut pests are the coconut mite, the rhinoceros beetle, the red palm weevil, and the coconut leaf caterpillar. Research into countermeasures to these pests has as of 2009 [update] yielded no results; researchers from the Kerala Agricultural University and the Central Plantation Crop Research Institute, Kasaragode, continue to work on countermeasures. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kannur under Kerala Agricultural University has developed an innovative extension approach called the compact area group approach to combat coconut mites. However, coconut flour is best used in recipes that have been tested, as it won’t rise like wheat flour and absorbs more liquid than other types of flour. Viana, F.A.P.; Costa, A.P.; Moro, F.V.; Pivetta, K.F.L. Morpho-anatomical characterization of diaspores and seedlings of Livistona rotundifolia. Ornam. Hortic. 2016, 22, 249–255. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef][ Green Version]