Vigarello, Georges (2016) [2012]. The Silhouette: from the 18th century to the present day. Translated by Dörr, Augusta. London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts. ISBN 9781474244657. Silhouettes". Paintings & Drawings. Victoria and Albert Museum. Archived from the original on July 12, 2007 . Retrieved August 21, 2007.

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Purtill, Corinne (21 November 2018). "An enslaved woman's shadow is the most compelling image in the National Portrait Gallery". Quartz . Retrieved 2021-11-24. Wells, John (3 April 2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rded.). Pearson Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0. Collection Online | Man Ray. Silhouette. 1916 - Guggenheim Museum". guggenheim.org . Retrieved March 21, 2016. The term silhouette, although existing from the 18th century, was not applied to the art of portrait-making until the 19th century. In the 18th and early 19th century, "profiles" or "shades" as they were called were made by one of three methods:Originating in the orient with traditions such as the shadow theatres of Indonesia, the shadow play became a popular entertainment in Paris during the 18th and 19th century. In the Paris of the late 19th century, the shadow theatre was particularly associated with the cabaret Le Chat Noir where Henri Rivière was the designer. [33] Movies [ edit ] The silhouette is closely tied in mythology to the origins of art. Pliny the Elder, in his Natural History (circa 77–79AD) Books XXXIV and XXXV, recounts the origin of painting. In Chapter 5 of Book XXXV, he writes, Aplikasi ini salah satu sistem yang dibuat oleh Tim IT Diskominfo hasil kerjasama dengan DLH Kota Batam,” tambahnya. The word "silhouette", because it implies the outline of a form, has been used in both fashion and fitness to describe the outline shape of the body from a particular angle, as altered by clothing in fashion usage, and clothed or unclothed where fitness is concerned, (e.g. a usage applied here by the Powerhouse Museum). Advertising for both these fields urges people, women in particular, to achieve a particular appearance, either by corsetry, diet or exercise. The term was in use in advertising by the early 20th century. Many gyms and fitness studios use the word "silhouette" either in their name or in their advertising. [40]

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Freund, Gisèle (1974), Photographie et société, Éditions du Seuil, p. 8-18, retrieved 18 April 2016

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There is no mention of de Silhouette making silhouettes in his earliest record in 1834 edition Biographie universelle ou dictionnaire historique contenant la nécrologie des hommes célèbres Volume 5. Furne, 1834. P. 2850 Traditional European paper cuts are different in this regard to traditional Oriental paper cuts which are often made of several layers of brightly coloured and patterned paper, and have many formal decorative elements such as flower petals. Knipe, Penley (2002). "Paper Profiles: American Portrait Silhouettes". Journal of the American Institute for Conservation. 44 (3): 203–223. doi: 10.1179/019713602806082575. S2CID 192205617. Orr, Inge C. (1974). "Puppet Theater in Asia". Asian Folklore Studies. 33 (1): 69–84. doi: 10.2307/1177504. JSTOR 1177504. Sedda, Julia (2009). "Reading circles, crafts, and flower arranging: everyday items in the silhouettes of Luise Duttenhofer (1776–1829)". In Goggin, Maureen Daly; Tobin, Beth Fowkes (eds.). Women and Things, 1750–1950: gendered material strategies. Farnham: Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-7546-6550-2.

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Evening, Martin (2015). Adobe Photoshop CC for photographers: a professional image editor's guide to the creative use of Photoshop for the Macintosh and PC (2nd edition). Burlington, MA, USA Focal PressFor the depiction of portraits, the profile image has marked advantage over a full-face image in many circumstances, because it depends strongly upon the proportions and relationship of the bony structures of the face (the forehead, nose and chin) making the image is clear and simple. For this reason, profile portraits have been employed on coinage since the Roman era. The early Renaissance period saw a fashion for painted profile portraits and people such as Federico da Montefeltro and Ludovico Sforza were depicted in profile portraits. The profile portrait is strongly linked to the silhouette. DINAS Komunikasi dan Informatika ( Kominfo) Kota Batam, menyelesaikan pembuatan aplikasi Sistem Informasi Lingkungan Hidup (SILH).

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Historians of costume also use the term when describing the effect achieved by the clothes of different periods, so that they might describe and compare the silhouette of the 1860s with that of the other decades of the 19th century. A desirable silhouette could be influenced by many factors. The invention of crinoline steel influenced the silhouette of women in the 1850s and 60s. The posture of the Princess Alexandra influenced the silhouette of English women in the Edwardian period. See advertisement left. In using these data, Silhouette does not enter into any obligation to inform the persons concerned. In any case, however, Silhouette guarantees that it will not pass personal data on to third parties. Links Catlin, Roger. "Rarely Seen 19th-Century Silhouette of a Same-Sex Couple Living Together Goes On View". Smithsonian Magazine . Retrieved 2021-11-24. The play of shadows upon buildings was very much in vogue a thousand years ago as evidenced by the surviving examples of "mukarnas" art where the shadows of 3-dimensional ornamentation with stone masonry around the entrance of mosques form pictures. As outright pictures were avoided in Islam, tessellations and calligraphic pictures were allowed, "accidental" silhouettes are a creative alternative. [34] [35] Photography [ edit ] Sedda, Julia (2014). "Silhouettes: the fashionable paper portrait miniature around 1800". In Pappe, Bernd; Schmieglitz-Otten, Juliane; Walczak, Gerrit (eds.). European Portrait Miniatures: artists, functions and collections. Petersberg: Michael Imhof Verlag. pp.179–185. ISBN 978-3-86568-969-6.Ia menegaskan, pihaknya akan terus mendukung semua OPD yang membuat inovasi demi mendorong kemudahan penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik. Because silhouettes give a very clear image, they are often used in any field where the speedy identification of an object is necessary. Silhouettes have many practical applications. They are used for traffic signs (see pic below). They are used to identify towns or countries with silhouettes of monuments or maps. They are used to identify natural objects such as trees, insects and dinosaurs. They are used in forensic science. [41] Journalism [ edit ]