Breithaupt, B. H. (1997). "Lance Formation". In Currie, P.J.; Padian, K. (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs. Academic Press. pp.394–95. ISBN 978-0-12-226810-6. Arbour, V. M.; Currie, P. J. (2015). "Ankylosaurid dinosaur tail clubs evolved through stepwise acquisition of key features". Journal of Anatomy. 227 (4): 514–23. doi: 10.1111/joa.12363. PMC 4580109. PMID 26332595. a b c Brown, B. (1908). "The Ankylosauridae, a new family of armored dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 24: 187–201. hdl: 2246/1435.

a b Coombs, W. P. (1978). "Theoretical aspects of cursorial adaptations in dinosaurs". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 53 (4): 393–418. doi: 10.1086/410790. S2CID 84505681. Brown, Barnum. (1908). "The Ankylosauridae, a new family of armored dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 24: 187–201. hdl: 2246/1435 When the clones were a few months old they would be transported to the neighboring island Isla Nublar to live as an attraction for InGen's Jurassic Park. They lived in the Brachiosaurus Enclosure. [4] Visitor Center Mural [ ] Ankylosaurus existed between 68 and 66 million years ago, in the final, or Maastrichtian, stage of the Late Cretaceous Period. It was among the last dinosaur genera that appeared before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. The type specimen is from the Hell Creek Formation of Montana, while other specimens have been found in the Lance and Ferris Formations in Wyoming, the Scollard Formation in Alberta, and the Frenchman Formation in Saskatchewan, all of which date to the end of the Cretaceous. [39] [40] [12] Daeodon • Dakoderma • Dakotanops • Dakosaurus • Dakotaraptor • Damalasaurus • Darwezopteryx • Darwinopterus • Daspletosaurus • Dasyatis • Datousaurus • Deinocheirus • Deinonycanis • Deinonychus • Deinosuchus • Deinotherium • Deltadromeus • Diabloceratops • Diamantinasaurus • Dicraeosaurus • Diictodon • Dilong • Dilophoboa • Dilophosaurus ( genetically enhanced) Dilophosaurus rex Refrenantem • Dilophospinus • Diloracheirus • Diloranosaurus • Dimetrocarnus • Dimetrodon • Dimodactylus • Dimorphodon • Dinheirosaurus • Dinilysia • Dinornithiformes • Diorajasaur • Diplocaulus • Diploceraspis • Diplodocus • Diplosuchus • Diplotator • Diplotomodon • Diplovenator • Diprotodon • Dodocevia • Doedicurus • Dolichorhynchops • Doomsday • Dracoceratops • Dracoceratosaurus • Dracorex • Dracovenator • Dravidosaurus • Dreadactylus • Dreadnoughtus • Dromaeosaurus • Dromiceiomimus • Dryosaurus • Dryptosaurus • Dsungaia • Dsungaripterus • Dsungascorpios • Dunkleosaurus • Dunkleosteus • Dysalotosaurus • DyslocosaurusIn 1906, an American Museum of Natural History expedition led by American paleontologist Barnum Brown discovered the type specimen of Ankylosaurus magniventris (AMNH 5895) in the Hell Creek Formation, near Gilbert Creek, Montana. The specimen (found by collector Peter Kaisen) consisted of the upper part of a skull, two teeth, part of the shoulder girdle, cervical, dorsal, and caudal vertebrae, ribs, and more than thirty osteoderms (armor plates). Brown scientifically described the animal in 1908; the generic name is derived from the Greek words αγκυλος ankulos ('bent' or 'crooked'), referring to the medical term ankylosis, the stiffness produced by the fusion of bones in the skull and body, and σαυρος sauros ('lizard'). The name can be translated as "fused lizard", "stiff lizard", or "curved lizard". The type species name, magniventris, is derived from the Latin: magnus ('great') and Latin: venter ('belly'), referring to the great width of the animal's body. [2] [3] [4] 1908 skeletal reconstruction of the holotype, with missing parts restored after Stegosaurus A 2011 study of the nasal passages of Euoplocephalus by paleontologist Tetsuto Miyashita and colleagues supported their function as a heat and water balancing system, noting the extensive blood vessel system and an increased surface area for the mucosa membrane (used for heat and water exchange in modern animals). The researchers also supported the idea of the loops acting as a resonance chamber, comparable to the elongated nasal passages of saiga antelope and the looping trachea of cranes and swans. Reconstructions of the inner ear suggest adaptation to hearing at low frequencies, such as the low-toned resonant sounds possibly produced by the nasal passages. They disputed the possibility that the looping is related to olfaction (sense of smell) as the olfactory region is pushed to the sides of the main airway. [28]

When Roland and Ajay entered the T-Rex nest a dead Parasaurolophus was spotted and was probably one of the big predatores earlier victims. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Arbour, V.M.; Mallon, J.C. (2017). "Unusual cranial and postcranial anatomy in the archetypal ankylosaur Ankylosaurus magniventris". FACETS. 2 (2): 764–794. doi: 10.1139/facets-2017-0063. Authentic design. The 11.5-inch long Ankylosaurus will delight discerning collectors. Its movie-accurate sculpt and textures will make it a dramatic highlight of any dinosaur display. Oddly, the section "Exploring Jurassic Park Part 2" of the Topps comic Jurassic Park II and the Jurassic Park Topps card for Parasaurolophus states that it was cut from Jurassic Park [21] [17] even though a herd can be seen at the Watering Hole with Brachiosaurus. Park JY, Lee YN, Kobayashi Y, Jacobs LL, Barsbold R, Lee HJ, Kim N, Song KY, Polcyn MJ (2021). "A new ankylosaurid from the Upper Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia and implications for paleoecology of armoured dinosaurs". Scientific Reports. 11 (1): Article number 22928. Bibcode: 2021NatSR..1122928P. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02273-4. PMC 8616956. PMID 34824329.

Bigelow, P. "Cretaceous 'Hell Creek Faunal Facies'; Late Maastrichtian". Archived from the original on December 26, 2009 . Retrieved March 24, 2014. What Killed the Gene Guard Act?. (February 23, 2018). Dinosaur Protection Group. Retrieved March 20, 2021. Osborn, H. F. (1905). "Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs". Bulletin of the AMNH. 21 (14): 259–265. hdl: 2246/1464. The structure of much of the skeleton of Ankylosaurus, including most of the pelvis, tail, and feet, is still unknown. [10] It was quadrupedal, and its hind limbs were longer than its forelimbs. [17] In the holotype specimen, the scapula (shoulder blade) measures 61.5cm (2ft 1⁄ 4in) long and was fused with the coracoid (a rectangular bone connected to the lower end of the scapula). It also had entheses (connective tissue) for various muscle attachments. The humerus (upper arm bone) of AMNH 5214 was short, very broad and about 54cm (1ft 9 + 1⁄ 2in) long. The femur (thigh bone), also from AMNH 5214, was 67cm (2ft 2 + 1⁄ 2in) long and very robust. While the feet of Ankylosaurus are incompletely known, the hindfeet probably had three toes, as is the case in advanced ankylosaurids. [10] Parasaurolophus, a herbivorous dinosaur, exhibits a generally peaceful and non-threatening demeanor. They are often observed gathering in both small and large herds, typically found in expansive grasslands, forests, or near watering holes. These dinosaurs are primarily grazers, calmly foraging for vegetation. Parasaurolophus has also displayed a propensity for harmonious coexistence with other herbivorous species, such as Triceratops, Sinoceratops, sauropods like brachiosaurus, and Apatosaurus.