a b Karmakar, Rabindra N. (2015). Forensic medicine and toxicology: theory, oral & practical. Academic Publishers. Silver and silver-plate: These pieces can be cleaned with soap and water, polished with a silver-polishing cloth, or polished with a silver polish you can find at the grocery store in the cleaning section. Here are some tips on identifying silver jewelry. Peters, Larry E. (2004). Preventing corrosion on copper roofing systems; Professional Roofing, October 2004". Archived from the original on 2012-09-20 . Retrieved 2012-09-18. Green earth pigments in the Middle Ages supplemented the more expensive malachite pigment. In Europe, they came from Verona, the South of France, and Cyprus. During the Roman Empire they were widely used in frescoes decorating villas. They were used either pure or mixed with other pigments, such as Egyptian Blue. They also were used Egypt in portraits at Fayoum, and in the Buddhist temples at Ajanta in India. In the Middle Ages, since the color by itself was somber, it was sometimes brightened with lead white. Finish issues with regard to copper sinks". October 2010. Archived from the original on 2011-10-16 . Retrieved 2011-09-23.

presenting reasoned explanations, including explaining data in relation to predictions and hypotheses; and Fitzgerald, K.P.; Nairn, J.; Atrens, A. (1998). "The chemistry of copper patination". Corrosion Science. 40 (12): 2029–2050. doi: 10.1016/S0010-938X(98)00093-6. When our basement bathroom was being photographed last year for Better Homes and Gardens magazine the photographer’s assistant nailed it: “Wow! I feel like I’m going down my grandparent’s actual basement stairs here.” I’m sure it was one of his more impressive shoots. (And I laughed to cover my embarrassment.) Not to say I have delved into this widely as yet. My research proved that there are so many different ways to produce sometimes surprising colours. For the sake of this blog, though, I thought it would be more fun – and accessible – to explore what household chemicals can do to create patinas.

Are you missing out?

a b c d e Santoro, Carlotta; Zarkout, Karim; Le Hô, Anne-Solenn; Mirambet, François; Gourier, Didier; Binet, Laurent; Pagès-Camagna, Sandrine; Reguer, Solenn; Mirabaud, Sigrid; Du, Yann; Griesmar, Pascal; Lubin-Germain, Nadège; Menu, Michel (2014-01-29). "New highlights on degradation process of verdigris from easel paintings". Applied Physics A. 114 (3): 637–645. Bibcode: 2014ApPhA.114..637S. doi: 10.1007/s00339-014-8253-2. ISSN 0947-8396. S2CID 253847558. While blue copper is not found in nature, aged and antique copper can occur naturally with cycles of damp and dry to create the browns. A patina layer takes many years to develop under natural weathering. Buildings in damp coastal or marine environments will develop patina layers faster than ones in dry inland areas. A transparent green glaze was also created by these masters, by dissolving copper salts into Venice turpentine. The glazes were built up in layers of transparent color that remained stable and splendid. Its pronunciation in English is still unsettled" ( Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage (4 ed.) edited by: Jeremy Butterfield). The pronunciation /-ɡriːs/ is the first one given by Merriam-Webster's dictionary, but /-ɡriː/ is first in the Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) (2015).

Last week you saw the BEFORE: our stairs in their great-grandma chic glory. Right now they’re covered in yellowing sheet vinyl top to bottom, with some very functional glued on vinyl nosing. Hughes, Richard; Rowe, Michael (1995). The Colouring, Bronzing and Patination of Metals. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd. ISBN 978-0-500-01501-8. Twidale, C.R., and J.R. Vidal Romani (2005) Landforms and Geology of Granite Terrains. A.A. Balkema Publishers Leiden, The Netherlands. 330 pp. ISBN 0-415-36435-3Dangers in the Manufacture of Paris Green and Scheele's Green". Monthly Review of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 5 (2): 78–83. 1917. JSTOR 41829377. a b "Poisoning by Verdigris". The Lancet. 39 (1013): 663–664. January 1843. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(02)76992-4. ISSN 0140-6736. The word patina comes from the Italian patina (shallow layer of deposit on a surface), derived from the Latin patĭna (pan, shallow dish). Figuratively, patina can refer to any fading, darkening, or other signs of age, which are felt to be natural or unavoidable (or both). Update: Here’s our completed DIY Copper Stair Risers project! Stay tuned to follow along on our renovation journey! Don’t miss a thing by subscribing to our weekly-ish newsletter here.