Belterman, R. H. R.; De Boer, L. E. M. (1984). "A karyological study of 55 species of birds, including karyotypes of 39 species new to cytology". Genetica. 65: 39–82. doi: 10.1007/BF00056765. S2CID 37933718. Lundberg, Arne (1986). "Adaptive Advantages of Reversed Sexual Size Dimorphism in European Owls". Ornis Scandinavica. 17 (2): 133–140. doi: 10.2307/3676862. JSTOR 3676862. Allen, Maximilian L.; Ward, Michael P.; Južnič, Damjan; Krofel, Miha (2019). "Scavenging by Owls: A Global Review and New Observations from Europe and North America". Journal of Raptor Research. 53 (4): 410. doi: 10.3356/0892-1016-53.4.410. S2CID 207933662. a b c Therrien, Jean-François (March 2017). "Winter Use of a Highly Diverse Suite of Habitats by Irruptive Snowy Owls". Northeastern Naturalist. 24 (Special Issue 7): B81–B89. doi: 10.1656/045.024.s712. S2CID 90013886.

a b c d Sutton, G. M. (1932). "The exploration of Southampton Island. Part II, Zoölogy. Section 2.-The birds of Southampton Island". Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum. 12 (2): 1–275. doi: 10.5962/p.234852. S2CID 164727574. Almost certainly more often than being a victim of other predators, snowy owls are known to dominate, kill and feed on a large diversity of other predators. [7] [209] Snowy owls, much like other Bubo owls, will opportunistically kill other birds of prey and predators. Although they will readily plunder the nests of other raptorial birds given the opportunity, most predations are on full-grown raptorial birds during winter due to the scarcity of raptor nests in the open tundra. [7] In addition, most competing predators of the Arctic, except the very large mammals, are probably vulnerable to a hungry snowy owl. [7] [8] In data from the Logan Airport alone over different winters, the snowy owls were observed to have preyed upon an impressive diversity of other raptorial birds: rough-legged buzzards, American kestrels ( Falco sparverius), peregrine falcons, barn owls, other snowy owls, barred owls ( Strix varia), northern saw-whet owls ( Aegolius acadicus) and short-eared owls. While owls are likely encountered during corresponding hunting times, it is likely that the swift falcons are usually ambushed at night (much as other Bubo owls will do). [8] In both the tundra and the wintering ground, there are several accounts of predation by snowy owls on short-eared owls. [5] [209] [212] In addition, snowy owls have been known to prey on northern harriers, [8] northern goshawks ( Accipiter gentilis) [7] and gyrfalcons. [7] [209] Besides aforementioned predation on foxes, domestic cats, and skunks, several members of the weasel family, both small and relatively large, are known to be opportunistically hunted by snowy owls. [5] [7] [8] [167] [213] As a result of its potential predator status, the snowy owl is frequently mobbed at all times of the year by other predatory birds, including fierce dive-bombing by several of the northern falcons on the wintering grounds, including even by the relatively tiny but fierce and very agile merlin ( Falco columbarius). The much bulkier snowy owls cannot match the speed and flight ability of a falcon and may be almost relentlessly tormented by some birds such as peregrines. [7] [209] [214] Breeding [ edit ] Pair bond and breeding territory [ edit ] a b Dufresne, F. (1922). "The Snowy Owl-destroyer of game". Bull. Amer. Game Prot. Assoc. 11: 11–12.Garamszegi, L. Z.; Møller, A. P.; Erritzøe, J. (2002). "Coevolving avian eye size and brain size in relation to prey capture and nocturnality". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 269 (1494): 961–967. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2002.1967. PMC 1690973. PMID 12028780. When snowy owls are spotted further south of their usual range they often seem unafraid of humans, perching conspicuously on buildings, fences, posts or even on the ground.

They also have a high metabolism that helps keep them warm. Arctic foxes are proficient hunters, feeding primarily on lemmings and voles. They also eat birds, eggs, and carrion. 4. Sika deer Sika deer Manfred Richter from Pixabay a b Shelford, V. E. (1943). "The Abundance of the Collared Lemming ( Dicrostonyx groenlandicus (TR). VAR. Richardsoni Mer.) in the Churchill Area, 1929 to 1940". Ecology. 24 (4): 472–484. doi: 10.2307/1930558. JSTOR 1930558.

Where Do Snowy Owls Live?

Therrien, J. F., Pinaud, D., Gauthier, G., Lecomte, N., Bildstein, K. L., & Bety, J. (2015). Pre-breeding prospecting behaviour of snowy owls (data from Therrien et al. 2015). Wills, Sarah; Pinard, Chantale; Nykamp, Stephanie; Beaufrère, Hugues (2016). "Ophthalmic reference values and lesions in two captive populations of northern owls: great grey owls ( Strix nebulosa) and snowy owls ( Bubo scandiacus)". Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 47 (1): 244–255. doi: 10.1638/2015-0009.1. PMID 27010284. S2CID 19386851. Baker, James A.; Brooks, Ronald J. (1981). "Raptor and Vole Populations at an Airport". The Journal of Wildlife Management. 45 (2): 390–396. doi: 10.2307/3807920. JSTOR 3807920. Bobcats are a species of Lynx often found in North America. They are twice the size of a domestic cat. Humans seldom see bobcats because they’re nocturnal animals. They’re also very good at hunting in the snow and can take down prey much larger than themselves.

Stewart, J. R. (2007). "The fossil and archaeological record of the Eagle Owl in Britain" (PDF). British Birds. 100 (8): 481. Miller, F.L., Russell, R.H. & Gunn, A. (1975). "Distribution and numbers of Snowy Owls on Melville, Eglinton, and Byam Martin Islands, Northwest Territories, Canada" (PDF). Raptor Research. 9 (3–4): 60–64. {{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link)

Wolverine

a b c Gross, Alfred O. (1947). "Cyclic Invasions of the Snowy Owl and the Migration of 1945-1946". The Auk. 64 (4): 584–601. doi: 10.2307/4080718. JSTOR 4080718. The snow leopard is a large cat native to the cold, dry mountain ranges of Central and South Asia. They live in altitudes between 9800 feet and 17,000 feet. Root, T. R. (1988). Atlas of Wintering North American Birds: An Analysis of Christmas Bird Count Data. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, USA. Snowy Owl ( Nyctea Scandia)". National Geographic. 11 November 2010. Archived from the original on 6 February 2010. Saskatchewan Natural History Society (1957). "Notes on the Barred Owl and the Snowy Owl in Alberta". Blue Jay. 15 (4): 153. doi: 10.29173/bluejay1721.