The number of male and female flowers located at the top 25 nodes of each plant was counted. The node representing the occurrence of the first female flower was recorded. To avoid the duplicate or missed counting of flowers, the nodes were marked with a green line after every survey. At least six plants were used to assess the effects of STS on sex differentiation in pumpkins. RNA isolation and sequencing Munchkin produces a uniform crop of mini pumpkins weighing 1 ½ lb. each with yellow-orange, smooth skin, and mild ribbing.

For many people, pumpkin means orange-colored. Orange pumpkins might be the most common type. Still, there’s a vast selection of different varieties to choose from, differing in the shade of color, size, ribbing patterns, stem length, stem color, cooking characteristics, and more. Although STS is an effective ethylene perception inhibitor, its effects on flower sex differentiation in pumpkin and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we assessed the effects of STS application on flower sex determination in pumpkin and explored the regulatory mechanism by assessing the transcriptome and determining the levels of hormones in the shoot apical meristems after STS treatment. Materials and methods Plant materials and sampling In addition to AgNO 3, STS is another ethylene perception inhibitor. In the gynoecious plants of bitter gourd, STS induces the development of hermaphrodite flowers in the staminal tissue of female flowers, and these effects were found to be better than those of low concentrations of AgNO 3 and GA 3 ( Mishra et al., 2015). Foliar sprays of STS induce the production of male organs in female hemp plants ( Lubell and Brand, 2018). Comparative RNA-Seq analysis of untreated and STS-treated female Cannabis sativa revealed that many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are transcription factors, and several others are involved in male organ development, phytohormone signaling, and male-biased phenotypes associated with masculinization ( Adal et al., 2021). People also call some Moschata varieties “cheese-wheel” pumpkins due to their slightly squat shape, resembling a round of cheese. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Publisher’s noteBecause they are so small, carving mini pumpkins is difficult. Instead, most people use mini pumpkins by displaying them in baskets, bowels, or set out on a tabletop or other surface, sometimes with larger pumpkins in the mix. Mixtas make incredible decorations, given how many unusual shapes and different colored pumpkins you can find. Many are also edible. Fairytale F1 is similar to the Cinderella pumpkin variety, but it has a unique wood-like color on cheese-wheel shaped fruits, averaging about 15 lbs. An excellent dual-purpose pumpkin for decoration and eating. The Moschata pumpkins deserve attention if you love pumpkin pie and other baked goods containing pumpkin pulp. Moschatas include the traditional cultivars used in canned pumpkin products and many pumpkin pie recipes. This work was supported by the Major Public Welfare Projects of Henan Province (201300111300), the Key Science and Technology Program of Henan Province (212102110128), and the Scientific Research Foundation for talent introduction (2017028). Conflict of interest

The Maxima group also includes many winter squashes, such as banana squash, Hubbard, turban squash, and some unusual pumpkin varieties like the Australian variety, the grey to blue-skinned Jarrahdale pumpkin.Fruits of the Mixta pumkin type commonly have a bulbous bottom and narrow top. Many varieties of miniature pumpkins are also in the Mixta group. In short, we can say that among the different types of pumpkins, Mixta includes the most unusual. Gladiator F1 produces uniform fruits weighing in at 20 to 25 lbs. This large pumpkin has dark orange-colored skin and flesh, attractive ribbing, and long, sturdy handles.

Prize Winner is another giant pumpkin seen at county fairs, winning prizes for size and weight. This variety has a bright orange skin and looks more pumpkin-like than some other jumbo pumpkins. Sun Spot grows in about 75 days, producing small fruits about 1 ½ lb. each with dark, tasty flesh and reddish-orange exterior. Early Jarrah is another grey-green variety with large, flattened fruit in the 15 to 25 lb. weight range. This variety is a prolific producer and a good keeper. Blue Doll, is an F1 hybrid with a deep, unusual bluish-green color and deep ribbing on 15 to 20 lb. fruits. This cultivar is excellent for pumpkin pie, soups, and steaming.

Supplementary material

STS and AgNO 3 are effective ethylene perception inhibitors. Previous studies have indicated that STS can be used to induce staminate flowers in monoecious and dioecious plants ( Mishra et al., 2015; Lubell and Brand, 2018; Parimala et al., 2019), and increase flower production and longevity in flowering ornamental plants ( Serek et al., 2015). Our results indicate that STS treatment delays the occurrence of the first female flower and increases the number of male flowers significantly. These results confirm the effects of STS on floral sex differentiation in monoecious plants, corroborating the results of previous studies ( Mishra et al., 2015; Lubell and Brand, 2018). American Tondo is an ornamental squash when fully mature and an edible squash when fruits are young. The skin is orange with broad green vertical stripes on a heavily ribbed exterior with a sturdy handle on top. Fruits vary in weight from 6 to 14 lbs.