Qiyaam , meaning to stand, is a “ RUKN (integral part)” in Fardh Salaah. Fardh Salaah will be incomplete, if performed while seated by an individual who is capable of standing. The Prophet (pbuh), while travelling would at times perform Nafl Salaah (optional prayers) on his conveyance, but would always descend (climbing off the conveyance) when performing the Fardh Salaah. Never once in his life, did he (pbuh) perform his Fardh Salaah while travelling on his conveyance. If Qiyaam had not been a Rukn in Salaah, the Prophet (pbuh) would have at least once performed his Salaah while mounted on his conveyance to confirm the permissibility of doing so. The Ahaadeeth (prophetic reports) in this matter are numerous. Listed below are a few references: The hadith of ‘Imran indicates that it is permissible for one who has an excuse and cannot stand to pray sitting, and for one who has an excuse and cannot pray sitting to pray lying on his side.” (Nayl al-Awtar, 3/243) al-Nawawi (May Allah's Mercy be upon him) said in his book 'al-Majmu': 'It is sufficient for a person to perform the obligatory prayers while sitting due to incapability or the optional prayers even he is capable, and there is no specified state for sitting.'

Note: Nowadays, a compass is available which gives the direction of Qiblah. In strange places and airplanes it is a Salaah performed on a chair will be incomplete if a person is capable of sitting on the ground and doing sujood (prostration). This ruling applies to one, even though one may not be capable of standing in Qiyaam.

On the onset, it must be understood that a person is only allowed to offer Salah on a chair in the condition that he is not able to sit on the ground and make Sajdah (i.e. place his forehead on the ground). Moreover, sitting in the Tashahud position is not a contingent to perform Sajdah. Thus, if a person is able to perform Sajdah comfortably, in any sitting position, other than the Tashahud position, he is obliged to do so and is not permitted to offer Salah seated on a chair. Other designers of Scandinavian modernist chairs introduced new dynamics to this staple with sculptural flowing lines, curvaceous shapes and efficient functionality. The Paimio armchair, Swan chair and Panton chair are vintage works of Finnish and Danish seating that left an indelible mark on the history of good furniture design. Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds; and may His blessings and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad and upon all his Family and Companions.

The physical sense of the exemption (from standing) is the condition where if one is to stand, they would definitely fall. The elusive sense of the exemption would be in the condition where the standing would result in fear of worsening of the health condition, delay in gaining cure for one’s ailment, dizziness of the head, or experiencing unbearable pain by standing. It is only in these conditions one may perform the prayers, while seated”. (Dur Al Mukhtaar with Shaami)

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If a person is capable of standing, although it may not be throughout the entire Salaah, it is Fardh for him to stand for as long as possible. If such a person sits down for even the short period in which it is possible to stand, the Salaah will be incomplete! If a person is able to stand but he cannot bow or prostrate, the standing is not waived for him; he should pray standing and tilt his head for the bowing, then sit down and tilt his head for the prostration. This is the view of al-Shafi'i… And wherever you [believers] are, turn your faces toward it [in prayer] ….” (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:144)

And the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “If I tell you to do a thing, then do as much of it as you can.” Sahih – agreed upon.” (Fatawa Ibn Baz, 12/245, 246) Where to put the chair in the row as he did in the first Rakaat and start recitation by reciting “ Bismillah ir-Rahman ir-Rahim” and Surah Al-Fatihah followed by any Imran ibn Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I had haemorrhoids so I asked the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) about praying. He said: “Pray standing up; if you cannot, then pray sitting down; and if you cannot, then pray (lying) on your side.” (Narrated by al-Bukhari, 1066) An incapable person is permitted to perform the obligatory prayers while sitting on the ground or in a chair. Also, one can perform optional prayers while sitting even if he is not incapable. Sitting on the Ground Versus on a Chair, Even if One is Genuinely Unable to Render Qiyaam and Sujood

The one who prays sitting on the ground or on a chair must make his prostration lower than his bowing. The Sunnah is for him to put his hands on his knees when bowing, and when prostrating the Sunnah is to put them on the ground if possible; if he cannot do that then he should put them on his knees, because it was proven that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “I have been commanded to prostrate on seven bones: the forehead – and he pointed to his nose – the two hands, the two knees, and the edges of the two feet (i.e., the toes).”