Epstein, Steven A. (1991). Wage Labor and Guilds in Medieval Europe. UNC Press Books. ISBN 978-0-8078-4498-4. In the classic 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, an organization known as the Lollipop Guild was a group of Munchkins in the Munchkin Country, who welcomed Dorothy Gale to the Land of Oz with song and dance upon her arrival. This facility allows the searcher to browse through the membranes, exactly as one would do in reality. Use the previous and next function to move from one membrane to the next. Prak, Maarten Roy (2006). Craft Guilds in the Early Modern Low Countries: Work, Power and Representation. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-5339-4.

Rashdall, Hastings (1895). The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages: Salerno. Bologna. Paris. Clarendon Press. pp. 150. Like Trading Companies, you will earn more Guild Reputation for higher-valued treasure. And similar to the Factions, you’ll gain more Guild Reputation for winning Hourglass Faction Battles than losing. You will also see your Guild Reputation increase each time you earn Guild Reputation like you do with Trading Companies. Historians have noted the essential contributions that women made to these guilds. Many scholars have asserted that it would have been impossible for male merchants and craftsmen to start a business, let alone run it, without the help of their wives. [51] Historian Merry Wiesner attributed a decline in women's labor in south German cities from the 16th-18th centuries to both economic and cultural factors; as trades became more specialized, women's domestic responsibilities hindered them from entering the workforce. German guilds started to further regulate women's participation at this time, limiting the privileges of wives, widows, and daughters. It also forbade masters from hiring women. [52] You can earn Guild Reputation by selling treasure to any Trading Company or completing Hourglass Faction Battles while sailing on a Guild Ship.In The Venture Brothers, most super-villains in the series belong to The Guild of Calamitous Intent, which regulates their menacing activities towards their respective protagonists, while also shielding said villains from criminal prosecution. Much of the show's storyline revolves around politics within the Guild.

Ogilvie (2004) argues that guilds negatively affected quality, skills, and innovation. Through what economists now call " rent-seeking" they imposed deadweight losses on the economy. Ogilvie argues they generated limited positive externalities and notes that industry began to flourish only after the guilds faded away. Guilds persisted over the centuries because they redistributed resources to politically powerful merchants. On the other hand, Ogilvie agrees, guilds created "social capital" of shared norms, common information, mutual sanctions, and collective political action. This social capital benefited guild members, even as it arguably hurt outsiders. [41] Interest in the medieval guild system was revived during the late 19th century, among far-right circles. Fascism in Italy (among other countries) implemented corporatism, operating at the national rather than city level, to try to imitate the corporatism of the Middle Ages.Hammurabi (1904). "Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon" (PDF). Liberty Fund. Translated by Harper, Robert Francis (2nded.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 83 . Retrieved June 20, 2021. §234. If a boatman build ... silver as his wage.

The guild was at the center of European handicraft organization into the 16th century. In France, a resurgence of the guilds in the second half of the 17th century is symptomatic of Louis XIV and Jean Baptiste Colbert's administration's concerns to impose unity, control production, and reap the benefits of transparent structure in the shape of efficient taxation. [33] In the countryside, where guild rules did not operate, there was freedom for the entrepreneur with capital to organize cottage industry, a network of cottagers who spun and wove in their own premises on his account, provided with their raw materials, perhaps even their looms, by the capitalist who took a share of the profits. Such a dispersed system could not so easily be controlled where there was a vigorous local market for the raw materials: wool was easily available in sheep-rearing regions, whereas silk was not. Lucassen, Jan; De Moor, Tine; van Zanden, Jan Luiten (2008). "The Return of the Guilds: Towards a Global History of the Guilds in Pre-industrial Times". International Review of Social History. Cambridge University Press. 53: 5–18. doi: 10.1017/S0020859008003581. JSTOR 26405465. S2CID 39908767. Ginsburg, Michael (1940). "Roman military clubs and their social functions". Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association. 71: 149–156. doi: 10.2307/283119. JSTOR 283119.

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In many German and Italian cities, the more powerful guilds often had considerable political influence, and sometimes attempted to control the city authorities. In the 14th century, this led to numerous bloody uprisings, during which the guilds dissolved town councils and detained patricians in an attempt to increase their influence. In fourteenth-century north-east Germany, people of Wendish, i.e. Slavic, origin were not allowed to join some guilds. [39] According to Wilhelm Raabe, "down into the eighteenth century no German guild accepted a Wend." [40] Guilds of merchants in the Russian Empire [ edit ] Burton, Edwin; Marique, Pierre (1910-06-01). "Guilds". The Catholic Encyclopedia– via Newadvent.org.