Silver halide photographic emulsion and silver halide photographic lightsensitive material using the same". Archived from the original on 2021-09-05 . Retrieved 2020-08-16. Conventional HUDs project the information only with the help of the bare windshield’s reflectivity into the driver’s eyes. The given reflectivity of the windshield however limits the brightness of the image and in addition the size of the image at a given space for the projection unit in the dashboard. Krakow, Gary. "How to Make Holograms at Home." MSNBC. 5/6/2005 (4/9/2007) http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7759505/ The Hungarian- British physicist Dennis Gabor (in Hungarian: Gábor Dénes) [1] [2] was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1971 "for his invention and development of the holographic method". [3]

Holography is a technique that enables a wavefront to be recorded and later reconstructed. It is best known as a method of generating real three-dimensional images, but also has a wide range of other applications. In principle, it is possible to make a hologram for any type of wave.

Holographic effect Applications & Technology

When the hologram is illuminated by the original reference beam, each of the individual zone plates reconstructs the object wave that produced it, and these individual wavefronts are combined to reconstruct the whole of the object beam. The viewer perceives a wavefront that is identical with the wavefront scattered from the object onto the recording medium, so that it appears that the object is still in place even if it has been removed. Your brain plays a big role in your perception of both of these images. When your eyes detect the light from the virtual image, your brain interprets it as a beam of light reflected from a real object. Your brain uses multiple cues, including, shadows, the relative positions of different objects, distances and parallax, or differences in angles, to interpret this scene correctly. It uses these same cues to interpret the pseudoscopic real image. The holograms you can buy as novelties or see on your driver's license are reflection holograms. These are usually mass-produced using a stamping method. When you develop a holographic emulsion, the surface of the emulsion collapses as the silver halide grains are reduced to pure silver. This changes the texture of the emulsion's surface.

In contrast, a hologram encodes both the brightness and phase of each light wave. That combination delivers a truer depiction of a scene’s parallax and depth. So, while a photograph of Monet’s “Water Lilies” can highlight the paintings’ color palate, a hologram can bring the work to life, rendering the unique 3D texture of each brush stroke. But despite their realism, holograms are a challenge to make and share. The recorded light pattern is a diffraction grating. When it is illuminated by only one of the waves used to create it, it can be shown that one of the diffracted waves emerges at the same angle at which the second wave was originally incident, so that the second wave has been 'reconstructed'. Thus, the recorded light pattern is a holographic recording as defined above. Vitale, Tim (March 2006), Film Grain, Resolution and Fundamental Film Particles (PDF), archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-06-05 , retrieved 2020-08-15

Why Kodak Died and Fujifilm Thrived: A Tale of Two Film Companies". PetaPixel. 19 October 2018. Archived from the original on 2021-06-17 . Retrieved 2021-06-12. Most films are affected by the physics of silver grain activation (which sets a minimum amount of light required to expose a single grain) and by the statistics of random grain activation by photons. The film requires a minimum amount of light before it begins to expose, and then responds by progressive darkening over a wide dynamic range of exposure until all of the grains are exposed, and the film achieves (after development) its maximum optical density.

Kodak Ektachrome E100 Film is Now Available in 120 and 4x5 Formats". petapixel.com. 10 December 2019. Archived from the original on 2020-06-03 . Retrieved 2020-06-03. To record a hologram of a complex object, a laser beam is first split into two beams of light. One beam illuminates the object, which then scatters light onto the recording medium. According to diffraction theory, each point in the object acts as a point source of light so the recording medium can be considered to be illuminated by a set of point sources located at varying distances from the medium. We are amazed at how well it performs,” says Matusik. In mere milliseconds, tensor holography can craft holograms from images with depth information — which is provided by typical computer-generated images and can be calculated from a multicamera setup or LiDAR sensor (both are standard on some new smartphones). This advance paves the way for real-time 3D holography. What’s more, the compact tensor network requires less than 1 MB of memory. “It’s negligible, considering the tens and hundreds of gigabytes available on the latest cell phone,” he says. The first flexible photographic roll film was sold by George Eastman in 1885, [43] but this original "film" was actually a coating on a paper base. As part of the processing, the image-bearing layer was stripped from the paper and attached to a sheet of hardened clear gelatin. The first transparent plastic roll film followed in 1889. [44] It was made from highly flammable cellulose nitrate film. Spectratek’s 100,000 square feet facility can manufacture more high-quality holographic film than any other plant in the world. Proudly manufacturing in the USA for over 40 years, Spectratek provides the highest quality films to meet your global demands.Salvador Dalí claimed to have been the first to employ holography artistically. He was certainly the first and best-known surrealist to do so, but the 1972 New York exhibit of Dalí holograms had been preceded by the holographic art exhibition that was held at the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Michigan in 1968 and by the one at the Finch College gallery in New York in 1970, which attracted national media attention. [16] In Great Britain, Margaret Benyon began using holography as an artistic medium in the late 1960s and had a solo exhibition at the University of Nottingham art gallery in 1969. [17] This was followed in 1970 by a solo show at the Lisson Gallery in London, which was billed as the "first London expo of holograms and stereoscopic paintings". [18] A typical lens-based photograph encodes the brightness of each light wave — a photo can faithfully reproduce a scene’s colors, but it ultimately yields a flat image. Outwater, Christopher and Van Hamersveld. "Practical Holography." Ohio State University. (4/9/2007) https://www.asc.ohio-state.edu/kagan.1/holography/links/book.html

Motion Picture Archive Film | Fujifilm [United States]" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-05-06 . Retrieved 2020-08-15. Kodak announced on January 5, 2017, that Ektachrome, one of Kodak's most well known transparency films that had been discontinued between 2012 and 2013, would be reformulated and manufactured once again, in 35mm still and Super 8 motion picture film formats. [57] Following the success of the release, Kodak expanded Ektachrome's format availability by also releasing the film in 120 and 4x5 formats. [58] Color film" in the modern sense of a subtractive color product with a multi-layered emulsion was born with the introduction of Kodachrome for home movies in 1935 and as lengths of 35mm film for still cameras in 1936; however, it required a complex development process, with multiple dyeing steps as each color layer was processed separately. [48] 1936 also saw the launch of Agfa Color Neu, the first subtractive three-color reversal film for movie and still camera use to incorporate color dye couplers, which could be processed at the same time by a single color developer. The film had some 278 patents. [49] The incorporation of color couplers formed the basis of subsequent color film design, with the Agfa process initially adopted by Ferrania, Fuji and Konica and lasting until the late 70s/early 1980s in the West and 1990s in Eastern Europe. The process used dye-forming chemicals that terminated with sulfonic acid groups and had to be coated one layer at a time. It was a further innovation by Kodak, using dye-forming chemicals which terminated in 'fatty' tails which permitted multiple layers to coated at the same time in a single pass, reducing production time and cost that later became universally adopted along with the Kodak C-41 process.

This missing key is provided later by shining a laser, identical to the one used to record the hologram, onto the developed film. When this beam illuminates the hologram, it is diffracted by the hologram's surface pattern. This produces a light field identical to the one originally produced by the scene and scattered onto the hologram.