Butterfly Brain

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If you or someone you care for has any worrying symptoms that develop after brain tumour treatment, see your doctor. Our results demonstrate heterogeneous outcomes. One factor is that different treatment regimens were used. Chemoradiation therapy was shown to provide a survival benefit for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma based on the publication by Stupp et al. in 2005 [ 15]. Hence, some patients in this study who were treated prior to 2005 received XRT alone. Four in the surgically decompressed group did not receive this regimen due to clinical factors such as anemia and poor functional status. During the transition to concurrent chemoradiation therapy, tamoxifen was prescribed as an alternative radiosensitizer for one patient. For a long time, scientists thought that caterpillars were reduced to pudgy mush inside the chrysalis and then rebuilt into butterflies. It was believed that enzymes that break down tissues, like caspases, were released, dissolving the caterpillar’s tissues, especially cells of the muscle and gut that weren’t needed in a butterfly.

Do Butterflies Remember Being Caterpillars? » Science ABC Do Butterflies Remember Being Caterpillars? » Science ABC

Beetz, M. J. & el Jundi, B. The influence of stimulus history on directional coding in the monarch butterfly brain. J. Comp. Physiol. A 209, 663–677 (2023).

Neural pathways and spinal cord tracts

Varga, A. G. & Ritzmann, R. E. Cellular basis of head direction and contextual cues in the insect brain. Curr. Biol. 26, 1816–1828 (2016). Franzke, M. et al. Stimulus-dependent orientation strategies in monarch butterflies. J. Exp. Biol. 225, 243687 (2022). Tuning directedness of the neurons was quantified by calculating the mean vector length (MVL) of angular tuning (Rayleigh statistics). The MVL of each neuron was statistically compared to a distribution of MVLs generated by a permutation (1,000,000 repetitions). The permutation shuffled the 10-degree bins of the circular plots and computed a MVL after each shuffle. MVL of the real data were significantly longer than the MVLs computed from the shuffled data from each neuron ( p< 0.05; Fig. 1g). In addition to the neuron-wise comparison of MVL and MVLs from the shuffled data, we statistically compared the measured MVLs from all the neurons with the MVLs after shuffling the data from all 113 neurons ( p< 10 −5, W = −10878, n = 147, two-sided Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test). Functional classification of neurons (HD-index) Generally, if you’re well enough, you’ll have neurosurgery to take out as much of the tumour as possible.

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Directional coding of each neuron was quantified from circular plots. For each behavioral condition, i.e., compass perturbation, pre-, post-conditioning, a circular plot was calculated that reflects the mean firing rate at different heading directions (10-degree bins). Circular statistics were then computed using the CircStat toolbox for MATLAB or in Oriana (Version 4.01, Kovach Computing Services, Anglesey, Wales, UK). First, angular sensitivity was determined by testing whether the mean firing rate deviated from a uniform distribution (Rayleigh test; significance level α = 0.05). If this was the case, we calculated the mean vector, or preferred firing direction (pfd), of a neuron. Dark experiments Kahle, W., Frotscher, M., & Spitzer, G. (2003). Nervous system and sensory organs. New York: Thieme.Westeinde, E. A. et al. Transforming a head direction signal into a goal-oriented steering command. Preprint at https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.10.516039v1 (2022).

Butterfly glioma | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org Butterfly glioma | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

Sujit S. Prabhu, Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D., Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 442, Houston, TX 77030, USA.This study proved that the neural tissue responsible for taste, smell, memory and learning remain intact during metamorphosis. Anatomical evidence also supports this finding. Corpora pedunculata or mushroom bodies are paired structures found in an insect’s brain. At the larval stage, mushroom bodies are responsible for ‘tasting’ with the antennae, along with affecting learning and memory. In the adult stage, they are not only responsible for ‘tasting’ and learning, but also for ‘smelling’. Le Moël, F., Stone, T., Lihoreau, M., Wystrach, A. & Webb, B. The central complex as a potential substrate for vector based navigation. Front. Psychol. 10, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00690 (2019).

Butterfly glioblastomas: a retrospective review and Butterfly glioblastomas: a retrospective review and

Heinze, S. & Reppert, S. M. Sun compass integration of skylight cues in migratory monarch butterflies. Neuron 69, 345–358 (2011). Sarel, A., Finkelstein, A., Las, L. & Ulanovsky, N. Vectorial representation of spatial goals in the hippocampus of bats. Science 355, 176–180 (2017). Some people who have had a brain tumour can develop side effects from treatment months or years later, such as: Heinze, S. Unraveling the neural basis of insect navigation. Curr. Opin. Insect Sci. 24, 58–67 (2017). The treatment for glioblastoma depends on the person, where the tumour is sitting in the brain, and other specific things. But, these are common treatments:

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Neurons are comprised of a cell body (soma) and neural processes ( axons and dendrites). They are structurally classified based on how many processes they have: unipolar, pseudounipolar, bipolar, and multipolar. The axons of most neurons are wrapped with a white substance called myelin. Myelinated axons are found in the white matter, giving it its colour and distinguishing it from grey matter (neuronal cell bodies).