Police Tactical Compact Leg Restraints (Fast Straps) & Belt Pouch

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Officers must closely monitor a person following discharge of the Taser. If the person is detained in a cell, they should be monitored and observed according to the risk assessment, such as at level 3 (constant supervision) or level 4 (close proximity). Warning signs include a detainee complaining of chest pain or shortness of breath. Where it is necessary for officers to restrain potentially violent or disturbed detainees, it is important that they are properly briefed on any known condition, the warning signs and risk factors for physical violence known about the subject. It is also necessary to have prior knowledge of any relevant medical conditions such as asthma or heart problems, so that detainees can be effectively monitored. The prone position and positional asphyxia When identifying options and contingencies, officers are required to apply their training, experience and skill to resolve a situation. They should consider the immediacy of the threat, necessity of their actions, proportionality and the potential community impact. All actions should be subject to continuous review and must be appropriately recorded. Lessons should be learnt, where appropriate. Assessment A custody officer can require the removal of the handcuffs, although arresting or escort officers may remove them prior to or on arrival at the police station.

The custody officer should explain to the detainee why they are being searched and is responsible for the safekeeping of any property taken from the detainee. All police officers and custody staff should be aware of the dangers of positional asphyxia and restraining people experiencing acute behavioural disturbance (ABD), which is a medical emergency. A custody office is a controlled environment and the overriding objectives should be to avoid using force in custody. The custody officer must be alert to any signs of injury or effect caused by restraint and any behaviour or symptoms of illness that may indicate a need for medical attention. Where necessary, detainees requiring urgent medical attention should be taken to hospital. Officers should update the custody record accordingly. Where a detainee has menstrual products removed as part of a strip or intimate search, they should be offered a replacement without delay.On arrival at the custody suite, the secure environment should mean that conditions are more controlled. As soon as possible, the escorting staff must inform the custody officer about any control methods or restraint techniques used. There is also a responsibility on the custody officer to include this as part of the risk assessment. They should ask the arresting/escorting officer if any control measures or restraint techniques were used during arrest and transportation. With the advent of a new type of aircraft known as the “light fighter”, it became increasingly important to reduce the weight of the ejection seat. At the same time, it was essential that the reduction in weight should not impair the operation and efficiency of the seat in any way. The construction of the Mk4 seat, although retaining the essential components of its predecessors, was therefore considerably modified. The basic 80 feet per second ejection gun was retained, having been proved to be sufficient for all current requirements, as was the Duplex Drogue system deployed by the half second time-delay drogue gun, together with a 1½ second time-release unit. the body position of a person results in a partial or complete obstruction of the airway and the subject is unable to escape from that position The ruling in this case is at variance with PACE Code C, Annex A, paragraph 11(e) on strip searches. Despite this ruling, care should clearly be taken in the operational context when considering such intrusive activity. Property removal and storage

Aircrew services: Personal equipment connector (PEC) provides connections for main oxygen, emergency oxygen, air-ventilated suit, anti-g suit and mic/tel The custody officer must be alert to any signs of injury or effect caused by restraint and any behaviour or symptoms of illness that may indicate a need for medical attention. When taking charge of an incident, the supervisor must ensure that the health of the detainee is monitored and that the degree of restraint being applied is reasonable. Monitoring should include assessing the detainee’s breathing and other visible life signs. Officers must record all details of the restraint. Recording use of force Aircrew services: Personal equipment connector (PEC) provides connections for main oxygen, emergency oxygen, air ventilated suit, anti-g suit and mic/tel alcohol or drug intoxication (especially stimulants, for example cocaine, being on antipsychotic medication – some medications under certain conditions can cause abnormal heart rhythms) Where the removal of menstrual products isconsidered necessary as part of a self-harm or suicide risk, it should be subject to further specific risk assessment. All alternative options should be fully explored before making a decision to remove menstrual protection. Withholding articlesWhere detainees have been searched on arrest, they should not be left unsupervised until they have been presented to the custody officer, who will decide whether or not a further search is necessary. Such decisions, and any searches arising from them, must comply with PACE and the codes of practice. The search, the extent of the search and the subsequent retention of any article that the detainee has with them, depend on the decision made by the custody officer.

With specific reference to restraint and drug use, restraint is significantly more likely to be used in a drug-related arrest than during a non-drug-related case. IPCC (2010) Deaths in or following police custody: An examination of the cases 1998/99 – 2008/09 found that of the 56 drug-related cases of death in or following custody, 43% had involved restraint of the individual. Most commonly, the restraint technique involved officers holding down the individual. Staff working in a custody environment must be trained in managing violence. Training should include tactical communication skills as well as recognising and managing positional asphyxia and ABD. Staff should also be trained in techniques for moving detainees and repositioning them from the prone position in accordance with the Personal Safety Manual of Guidance. Section 54(3) and (4) of PACE provide the power to seize clothing which might be used to cause physical injury. Section 53(6) and (6A) treat the process by which clothing and other articles might be found and/or seized as a search. Restraint may take place prior to arrival in custody or within custody. Prior to arrival in custody, conditions are variable and officer(s) must apply the NDM to the particular circumstances, as appropriate. A detainee should not be left alone and unsupervised in a vehicle. The touching or applying of bodily force to any orifice (other than the mouth) or the immediate surroundings of any body orifice would constitute an ‘intimate search’ for the purposes of PACE. However, this position has been complicated by the 2021 ruling in Owens v Chief Constable of Merseyside Police [2021] EWHC 3119 (QB).The initial risk assessment should be reviewed after the detainee has been placed in the cell (see Risk assessment). It should be repeated when and if the detainee has calmed down and is able to answer questions. Officers must record these procedures in the custody record. Review Injury or other effects caused by restraint Detainees experiencing the effects of alcohol, drugs, a mental health condition or a medical condition are particularly vulnerable to the impact of being restrained. Ministry of Justice (2008) The Mental Capacity Act 2005: Deprivation of liberty safeguards - Code of Practice to supplement the main Mental Capacity Act 2005 Code of Practice Prolonged restraint and struggling can result in exhaustion, reduced breathing leading to a build-up of toxic metabolites. This, with underlying medical conditions such as cardiac conditions, drug use or use of certain antipsychotics, can result in sudden death with little warning. The best management is de-escalation, avoiding prone restraint, restraining for the minimum amount of time, lying the detainee on their side and constant monitoring of vital signs. Officers should share information about injuries caused by restraint with HCPs attending to the detainee. They should note any concerns raised by the HCP in the custody record. Monitoring in custody