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The “gut-brain-axis” is a relatively new concept, proposing the existence of bidirectional communication pathways between the intestine and the brain; and misregulation of the communications and interactions between the two body compartments might be related to neurodegenerative diseases including PD 8. Sampson et al. 9 found that alpha-synuclein, the most important substance in PD pathology, could be transmitted from the gut to the brain through the vagus nerve causing dyskinesia, confirming an active role of the gut in driving the development and pathogenesis of PD 10. Mounting evidence suggests that the gut microbiome has the ability to synthesize and/or regulate various neurochemicals and neurometabolites that may directly or indirectly impact the physiological process of the organism, as well as the onset and development of PD 11. Marcus et al. (2021) showed that transplanting microbiota from young donors to aging recipient mice reversed aging-associated impairments in cognitive and behavioral deficits, partly via modulating the production of SCFAs and neurotransmitters 12. Additionally, levodopa (the precursor of dopamine), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) could be produced by certain microbes in the gut and transmitted to the brain through the systemic circulation, finally relieving neurodegenerative diseases 13, 14, 15.
Beyond your digestive system, we know that your gut microbiome also interacts with your brain and nervous system, your immune system and your endocrine system. Some researchers believe that the health of your gut microbiome might influence many aspects of your overall health, including your: Zhao, X. Y. et al. Baicalein alleviates depression-like behavior in rotenone- induced Parkinson’s disease model in mice through activating the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway. Biomed. Pharmacother. 140, 11 (2021).To confirm the results generated by MelonnPan and Procrustes analyses, GC-MS/MS was used to determine the levels of serum SCFAs and neurotransmitters before and during the course of intervention. However, due to the cost of analysis, only 26 serum samples (13 random serum samples in each group) were analyzed. Not all probiotics are alike, though. Different types of microbes function differently within your body, so different types might be better or worse for your condition. Probiotics also aren’t regulated by the FDA, so manufacturers don’t have to prove the quality or even the contents of their products. It’s a good idea to consult a knowledgeable healthcare provider about which probiotics might work best for your needs. When are probiotics recommended? Pay close attention to the label and how your probiotics should be stored. Generally, you’d want to keep them refrigerated (and make sure the place you’re buying them from does the same). Heat can kill off the microorganisms in your probiotics if they’re not stored correctly. Probiotics are beneficial microbes, typically bacteria similar to those normally found in your gut. They help support the balance of the good bacteria. In doing so, they may provide some relief if you have irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), ulcerative colitis, acute infectious diarrhea and diarrhea associated with antibiotic use or a Clostridioides difficile(C.diff) infection. Some specific probiotics can boost your immunity, fight inflammation and potentially have beneficial effects on cholesterol. How to choose a probiotic
The main finding of this double-blind RCT was that Probio-M8 significantly alleviated the severity of PD, improved PD-associated problems (e.g., poor sleep quality, mental state, and defecation), and enhanced the quality of life of patients with PD. The disease improvement was accompanied by changes in the patients’ gut microbiome driven by probiotic application. Probiotic-driven improvement of PD-associated symptoms, such as relief of abdominal pain and bloating, decrease in Bristol scores, increase in the number of spontaneous bowel movements per week, and increases in hs-CRP, Malondialdehyde, and decrease in glutathione and insulin metabolism, have previously been reported 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27; however, to the best of our knowledge, the current study was the first report that investigated the effect of probiotic adjuvant treatment on non-motor symptoms in patients with PD. This study also aimed to investigate the probiotic mechanisms from the perspective of the host’s gut microbiota and serum metabolome.Garden of Life has been manufacturing probiotic supplements for years and is widely considered one of the best probiotic brands, with quite a large range of supplement options. Wang, Y. et al. Oral berberine improves brain dopa/dopamine levels to ameliorate Parkinson’s disease by regulating gut microbiota. Signal Transduct. Target. Ther. 6, 20 (2021). An imbalance in your gut microbiome is believed to contribute to a number of health problems — and not just gastrointestinal issues, but immune dysfunction and infections as well. The microbe balance can be disrupted by diet, emotional and physical stress, and use of antibiotics, which destroy the good bacteria along with the bad.
Kim, C. S. et al. Probiotic supplementation improves cognitive function and mood with changes in gut microbiota in community-dwelling older adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 76, 32–40 (2021). If someone has disrupted their gut microbial balance, this is where a probiotic can be of benefit,” saysDr. Cresci. “But whether it’s really going to help and whether you’re taking the right one are the big questions out there.”Your healthcare provider might suggest using these products preventively if you have a history of infections, or using them to help restore your microbiome after treatment with antibiotics. Hsieh, T.-H. et al. Probiotics alleviate the progressive deterioration of motor functions in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Brain Sci. 10, 206 (2020). Department of neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264200, China Faraco, G. et al. Dietary salt promotes cognitive impairment through tau phosphorylation. Nature 574, 686 (2019).
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