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An average of 86 tropical cyclones of tropical storm intensity form annually worldwide. Of those, 47 reach strength higher than 119km/h (74mph), and 20 become intense tropical cyclones (at least Category3 intensity on the Saffir–Simpson scale). [41]
Cleaveland, Abbe; Kimball, H. H. (August 15, 1903). Monthly Weather Review - August 1903 (PDF). aoml.noaa.gov (Report). Vol.31 . Retrieved November 29, 2022. Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands, The Bahamas, Hispaniola, United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada A study review article published in 2021 in Nature Geoscience concluded that the geographic range of tropical cyclones will probably expand poleward in response to climate warming of the Hadley circulation. [5] Intensity Hurricane NANA Advisory Archive". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center . Retrieved September 4, 2020.Tropical cyclone intensity is based on wind speeds and pressure; relationships between winds and pressure are often used in determining the intensity of a storm. [6] Tropical cyclone scales such as the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale and Australia's scale (Bureau of Meteorology) only use wind speed for determining the category of a storm. [7] [8] The most intense storm on record is Typhoon Tip in the northwestern Pacific Ocean in 1979, which reached a minimum pressure of 870 hPa (26 inHg) and maximum sustained wind speeds of 165kn (85m/s; 305km/h; 190mph). [9] The highest maximum sustained wind speed ever recorded was 185kn (95m/s; 345km/h; 215mph) in Hurricane Patricia in 2015—the most intense cyclone ever recorded in the Western Hemisphere. [10] Factors that influence intensity
Yucatán Peninsula, western Cuba, Florida Panhandle, Georgia, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, Atlantic Canada Pasch, Richard J; Berg, Robert J; Hagen, Andrew B (April 28, 2022). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Henri (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center . Retrieved June 20, 2022. Cangialosi, John P; Delgado, Sandy; Berg, Robert J (April 28, 2022). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Elsa (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center . Retrieved June 20, 2022. Beven II, John L; Berg, Robert J (March 31, 2021). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Marco (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center . Retrieved June 20, 2022. Jenkins, Gregory S.; Brito, Ester; Soares, Emanuel; Chiao, Sen; Lima, Jose Pimenta; Tavares, Benvendo; Cardoso, Angelo; Evora, Francisco; Monteiro, Maria (2017). "Hurricane Fred (2015): Cape Verde's First Hurricane in Modern Times, preparation, observations, impacts and lessons learned". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 98 (12): 2603–18. Bibcode: 2017BAMS...98.2603J. doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0222.1.Jose Fernandez-Partagas (1996). Year 1893 (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Retrieved August 23, 2019. Cangialosi, John (March 2, 2023). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Julia (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center . Retrieved April 14, 2023. Seven fishermen killed by Hurricane Fred". Jamaica Observer. Kingston, Jamaica. Agence France-Presse. September 4, 2015. Archived from the original on May 28, 2020 . Retrieved September 4, 2015.