The German Dictatorship: The Origins, Structure And Consequences of National Socialism

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Deggerich, Markus (February 2008). "Ein schwerer Missgriff". Spiegel Online. Spiegel . Retrieved 28 June 2008. Having conducted funerals in the Dorset area since 1866, you can be sure of a reliable service from a trusted name in funeral care. We are here to help you through this time of need and ensure that your loved one has a dignified send off in keeping with your wishes. co-edited with Annedore Leber & Willy Brandt Das Gewissen steht auf: 64 Lebensbilder aus dem deutschen Widerstand 1933–1945, 1956, translated into English as The Conscience in Revolt: Portraits of the German Resistance 1933–1945, Mainz: Hase & Koehler, 1994 ISBN 3-7758-1314-4. Since 1866, Bracher Brothers Funeral Directors has been a trusted name in funeral care, serving our local communities in and around Gillingham, Dorset, as well as those nearby in Somerset and Wiltshire. It would be an honour to support you during this difficult time and arrange the funeral of your loved one. My husband was diagnosed with a terminal illness in March last year and in November he was advised he had approximately 2 months left to live. This was a hugely difficult time for us but we decided to put a funeral plan in place so most of the arrangements would be in place when needed. The Funeral Director recommended a Celebrant for the service and he and the Celebrant met with us to discuss the funeral plan and the service itself. Neither my husband or I were looking forward to the meeting. In the event Luke and Derren managed the meeting with a great deal of professionalism, courtesy, understanding and care. Our needs in terms of my husband’s funeral were met and explained very well. Indeed some suggestions were made which meant a military style farewell was arranged for my wonderful husband - he was very satisfied with all the arrangements, as was I. The funeral took place on 4 February and despite the sadness of the event everyone commented on the wonderful service and how smoothly everything went. The funeral was very well organised and there were no hiccups. I was extremely satisfied with the service. My sincere thanks to Luke, Derren and all at Bracher Brothers.

Bracher argued the beginning of the end of the Weimar Republic was the coming of "presidential government" in 1930. Starting with the government of Heinrich Brüning, chancellors sought not to govern via the Reichstag, instead using the "25/48/53 formula", referring to the constitutional articles that gave the Reich president the power to dissolve the Reichstag (25), issue emergency decrees (48) and appoint the chancellor (53). The practice was technically legal but violated the spirit of the constitution since article 54 explicitly stated the chancellor and his cabinet were responsible to the Reichstag. [2] Bracher maintained that the end of German democracy was not inevitable, but instead was due to conscious choices coupled with "momentous errors and failures" made by Germany's leaders, especially President Paul von Hindenburg. [2] In Die Auflösung der Weimarer Republik, Bracher argued the "collapse" of the republic went through several stages: turn against the "old-liberal" totalitarianism theory and talk about a relativizing interpretation, which emphasizes the "improvisational" politics of power and domination of National Socialism. Leftish interpretations would like to leave behind the questions of guilt and responsibility in favor of a more modern, realistic analysis. But in doing this they slide into the danger of a newer underestimation and trivialization of National Socialism itself. Their analysis also brings with it, in another way, the vague leftist talk about fascism and reaction" [25] Bracher’s magnum opus, which, unlike his earlier works, was rapidly translated into English, was The German Dictatorship: Origins, Structure and Consequences of National Socialism (1970). The first comprehensive synthesis of scholarship on the Hitler regime, it regarded the Third Reich as a classic example of totalitarianism, comparable to, though more extreme than, Stalin’s Soviet Union. Hitler’s role was so crucial, he argued, that nazism might with equal justification be called “Hitlerism”. He rejected the idea that it was a variant of fascism, pointing out that the centrality of antisemitism to Hitler’s movement made it fundamentally different from other authoritarian regimes such as Mussolini’s in Italy. The partners value the firm’s independence and believe that this contributes to its collegiate atmosphere and in turn the loyalty it receives from its clients. The partners’ aim is to continue to grow Bracher Rawlins by advancing the careers of lawyers within the firm and building on its excellent client relationships. Bracher Rawlins in the community

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In the 1960s, Bracher was a leading critic of the theory of generic fascism presented by Ernst Nolte. Bracher criticized the entire notion of generic fascism as intellectually invalid and argued that it was individual choice on the part of Germans as opposed to Nolte's philosophical view of the "metapolitical" that produced National Socialism. [26] Bracher's magnum opus, his 1969 book Die deutsche Diktatur ( The German Dictatorship) was partly written to rebut Nolte's theory of generic fascism, and instead presented a picture of the National Socialist dictatorship as a totalitarian regime created and sustained by human actions. [27] In Die deutsche Diktatur, Bracher rejected theories of generic fascism, and instead used totalitarianism theory and the methods of the social sciences to explain Nazi Germany. [28] As an advocate of history as a social science, Bracher took a strong dislike to Nolte's philosophical theories of generic fascism. [29] In a 1971 review, the American historian Lucy Dawidowicz called The German Dictatorship "...a work of unparalleled distinction, combing the most scrupulous objectivity with a passionate commitment to the democratic ethos". [30] In 1989, the British historian Richard J. Evans called The German Dictatorship a "valuable" book [31] Wendezeiten der Geschichte: Historisch-politische Essays, 1987–1992, 1992, translated into English Turning Points In Modern Times: Essays On German and European History, translated by Thomas Dunlap; with a foreword by Abbott Gleason, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1995, ISBN 0-674-91354-X. Against the functionalist view of Nazi Germany mostly associated with left-wing historians, Bracher was to write that it was an attempt to: Although he did not absolve the German people of their part in the triumph of nazism, he was an early sympathiser of the conservative resistance to Hitler, at a time when many conservative Germans regarded its members as little better than traitors, and indeed his wife was the niece of Pastor Dietrich Bonhoeffer, a leading figure in the resistance.

In 1955 the German academic world was startled by the publication of a massive study called Die Auflösung der Weimarer Republik (The Dissolution of the Weimar Republic), which constituted the first serious attempt to explain the collapse of Germany’s first democracy from 1930 to Hitler’s appointment as chancellor in 1933. It was startling because it rejected the common idea that the rise of Hitler was the inevitable culmination of the long course of German history – or, alternatively, the product of the harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles at the end of the first world war. Mr Bracher will stay until April, during which time the board will undertake the process of appointing a new chief executive. The location of our funeral directors in Sherborne is at the junction of the Marston Road and Newell (A30). We are easily within reach of families from the surrounding towns and villages of northwest Dorset, such as those in Bradford Abbas, Milborne Port and Sturminster Newton. We have offices in Maidstone and Canterbury, meaning we are perfectly placed to serve clients in Kent, London, Sussex and across the south east. Verfall und Fortschritt im Denken der frühen römischen Kaiserzeit: Studien zum Zeitgeühl und Geschichtsbewusstein des Jahrhunderts nach Augustus, 1948.Piper, Ernst (editor) Forever In The Shadow Of Hitler?: Original Documents Of The Historikerstreit, The Controversy Concerning The Singularity Of The Holocaust, Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press, 1993, ISBN 0-391-03784-6. Arguing that the collapse of the Weimar Republic was not inevitable and that Nazi Germany was a totalitarian dictatorship.

Whatever type of funeral you choose, whether it is religious or non-religious, traditional or contemporary, we can both organise it and tailor the service to your own preferences, ensuring it is a personal occasion truly reflective of your loved one’s life. No limits were to that elite’s supranational competence…. It is this moral and intellectual totalitarianism pseudo-scientifically justified and politically enforced, that represents both the strength and the weakness of communist ideology. It was able to bring salvation from doubts in a modern complex world, but it was bound, time and again, to come into conflict with the facts of that complexity.” [62]co-edited with Hans-Adolf Jacobsen, Volker Kronenberg, & Oliver Spatz Politik, Geschichte und Kultur. Wissenschaft in Verantwortung für die res publica. Festschrift für Manfred Funke zum 70. Geburtstag, 2009. Bracher, Karl Dietrich Turning Points In Modern Times, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1995 p. 141 Funke, Manfred (editor) Demokratie und Diktatur: Geist und Gestalt politischer Herrschaft in Deutschland und Europa, Festschrift für Karl Dietrich Bracher (Democracy and Dictatorship: The Spirit and Form of Political Power in Germany and Europe) Düsseldorf: Droste, 1987. In an essay published in 1976 entitled "The Role of Hitler: Perspectives of Interpretation", Bracher argued that Hitler was too often underrated in his own time, and that those historians who rejected the totalitarian paradigm in favor of the fascist paradigm were in danger of making the same mistake. [32] In Bracher's opinion, Hitler was a "world-historical" figure who served as the embodiment of the most radical type of German nationalism and a revolutionary of the most destructive kind, and that such was the force of Hitler's personality that it is correct to speak of National Socialism as "Hitlerism". [32] In his essay, Bracher maintained that Hitler himself was in many ways something of an "unperson" devoid of any real interest for the biographer, but argued that these pedestrian qualities of Hitler led to him being underestimated first by rivals and allies in the Weimar Republic, and then on the international stage in the 1930s. [36] At the same time, Bracher warned of the apologetic tendencies of the “demonization" of Hitler which he accused historians like Gerhard Ritter of engaging in, which Bracher maintained allowed too many Germans to place the blame for Nazi crimes solely on the "demon" Hitler. [37] Though Bracher criticized the Great man theory of history as an inadequate historical explanation, Bracher argued that social historians who claim that social developments were more important than the role of individuals were mistaken. [38]

We have been providing legal services to people and businesses since 1895, continuing through major challenges such as World Wars and international pandemics. He died on 19 September 2016 at the age of 94. [74] The American historian Jeffrey Herf wrote in an obituary:As a firm we are proud of our continuing role in the south east’s most significant developments and our commitment to the key sectors represented in the region. Our history In the 1970s, Bracher examined the concepts of fascism, totalitarianism, and democracy in Zeitgeschichtliche Kontroversen: Um Faschismus, Totalitarismus und Demokratie (1976). He turned to the intellectual history of antidemocratic, illiberal, and totalitarian ideologies across the whole political spectrum in Geschichte und Gewalt: Zur Politik im 20. Jahrhundert (1981) (History and Violence: On Politics in the Twentieth Century) and Zeit der Ideologien (1982), published in English in 1984 as The Age of Ideologies: A History of Political Thought in the Twentieth Century. In his work of the 1970s and 1980s, Bracher defended the value of the concept of totalitarianism, as well as its applicability to Communist regimes and movements. He criticized historians who diverted attention from Hitler and his ideology toward impersonal factors such as economic interests, and who engaged in what he viewed as an inflationary use of the term “fascism” to denounce anticommunist politics. Die deutsche Diktatur: Entstehung, Struktur, Folgen des Nationalsozialismus, 1969, translated into English by Jean Steinberg as The German Dictatorship; The Origins, Structure, and Effects of National Socialism; New York, Praeger 1970, with an Introduction by Peter Gay. Find out more about what Brachers can do for you and how to connect with us. Or read more about how we support our local community. Our promise