During that year, large numbers of non-German volunteers became identifiers of Jews, guards in labour and extermination camps and perpetrators in the killing fields. At the end of 1941 at Bogdanovka, 54,000 Jews were done to death by Romanian gendarmes, Ukrainian auxiliaries and local ethnic-German militia. They delighted in the murder of innocents. The vast majority of the Holocaust’s victims were Eastern European Jews living in Poland and the western Soviet Union (including the Baltic States), the former Pale of Settlement.

The most infamous of those signs hangs over the gate at Auschwitz, where the Nazis murdered a million Jews, nearly half of them from Hungary. But Stone argues that even the place most intrinsically linked with the Holocaust has been “sanitised” in a way. The classified report written by British intelligence officer Major Theodore Pantcheff and reveals what he found through a series of interviews on Alderney at the end war. It is a sobering read. He says, the report makes the explicit conclusion that the crimes on Alderney were “systematically brutal and callous” and that there was a “long-standing policy of maintaining inhumane conditions, under nourishment, ill-treatment and over work” and that the key cause of death was “starvation assisted by the physical ill-treatment and over-work”. It is perfectly clear that the events that we today call the Holocaust were driven by the leadership of the Third Reich and that most Jews were murdered by Germans (including Austrians).

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Life and Culture The Holocaust: An Unfinished History Book review: The untold story of Europe’s Shoah shame In December 1941, at a place called Bogdanovka in modern Ukraine, the largest shooting massacre of the Holocaust took place. Remarkably, it is an event barely known about in the English-speaking world. The book’s main strength is its comparison of different countries, their authorities and their willingness to collaborate with the Nazis or slaughter local Jews themselves. The chapter on the death marches, when inmates were moved between concentration camps, and the eventual liberation of those camps and its aftermath, is especially strong, perhaps because Professor Stone has already written a book on this specific area. It’s almost impossible to imagine what nerves of steel it took to carry out that dirty work down there. It was horrible.” Many European countries, also infected by ethnic nationalism, shared the Nazis’ hatred of Jews and, during the Second World War, took the opportunity to remove them alongside other groups they deemed undesirable. But, as Stone also shows, the policy towards Jews, and towards collaboration with the Nazis in deporting them, was not always consistent. Vichy France under Pétain resisted Nazi pressure to deport Jews who were French citizens; yet Vichy had actively participated in rounding up stateless Jews. Hungary under Miklós Horthy, despite sending Jews to be slaughtered at Kamenets-Podolski in August 1941, resisted Nazi demands to surrender its Jews until the Nazi invasion in March 1944.

Veidlinger explores why more than 100,000 Jews were murdered in Ukraine in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution, and how such a horrific event was effectively forgotten. In the way local populations turned on their Jewish neighbours and participated in mass killing, he finds seeds of the later Holocaust. They died in huge numbers. Antonescu did this willingly and not under Nazi instruction. Unlike Poland, Romania was not occupied by Hitler’s forces. Antonescu murdered Jews because he wanted to — not at Hitler’s behest.So too has its success: “the genocidal logic of the Holocaust – the Nazis’ intent to destroy the Jewish people in Europe – was accomplished all too well”. Such misunderstandings mean that its “radical implications” for our own world “are passed over in silence”. Drawing on his extensive own research and a vast range of work by historians from across the last eight decades, Stone sets about showing how our mental picture of the Holocaust is dangerously wrong. UK: Rishi Sunak hosts talks with Kamala Harris, vice-president of the US, at No 10, followed by a private dinner; Harris also delivers a policy speech on the future of AI at the US embassy in London; Chris Whitty, the chief medical officer for England, speaks at the annual conference of the King’s Fund, a health think tank; start of Movember, the moustache-growing charity event held during November each year to raise funds and awareness for men’s health. In March 1942, 80 per cent of the Jewish victims were still alive. Almost a year later, 80 per cent of the six million were dead. While fascists, nativists and nationalists outside of Germany did not generally share the Nazis’ “magical” thinking, they did share the dream of national racial purity and of a continent without Jews. Even before the war began, Romania, Italy, Hungary and others had passed anti-Semitic racial legislation similar to the Nuremberg Laws, while the decades since the Great War and the Russian Revolution had seen pogroms and ethnic cleansing on a vast scale across central and eastern Europe. In many ways, writes historian Dan Stone, “we have failed unflinchingly to face the terrible reality of the Holocaust”. His remarkable book offers both a narrative overview and an analysis of the events, challenging many common assumptions and often returning to how this terrible history remains “unfinished”.

On 26 November 1942, 532 Jews were rounded up in Oslo by Norwegian plainclothes policemen. They were taken in taxis to the local harbour, placed on the SS Donau, which took them to Germany, from where they were taken by “freight train” to Auschwitz. Almost all were gassed on arrival. An authoritative, revelatory new history of the Holocaust, from one of the leading scholars of his generation This vital history shatters many myths about the Nazi genocide . . . . surprising . . . provocative . . . fizzes with ideas. Even if you think you know the subject, you'll probably find something here to make you think' Sunday Times This is an outstanding book: well written, deeply felt, always perceptive and exhibiting considerable knowledge of decades of Holocaust scholarship. It will become the standard work in English on the subject for some time to come.

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That last fact has become deeply controversial in Poland, where the right-wing PiS government has prosecuted historians whose research has found widespread Polish participation in the Holocaust. This is not about Holocaust denial, which Stone sees as a “marginal phenomenon”. Instead, the danger has become endemic “Holocaust distortion”. The historical fact that “genocide is a societal endeavour” is ignored in favour of stories of heroic resistance and rescue, a cynical “beautification”. years since it was complied, a report into the Nazi atrocities on Alderney can be seen in public for the first time. People have been thinking about this for some time and wondering why the original Pantcheff report is classified until 2045".

In December 1941, more than 50,000 Jewish people were being detained in camps by the occupying Romanian army at Bogdanovka in southwestern Ukraine. Conditions were overcrowded and unsanitary, and after some cases of typhus broke out, the Romanian authorities decided to “liquidate” the camps in collaboration with German auxiliaries and Ukrainian militias and civilans. Our servers are getting hit pretty hard right now. To continue shopping, enter the characters as they are shown In the West, that distracts both from how the Allies ignored evidence of Nazi genocide and from how western doors were mostly closed to Jewish refugees before, during and even after the war. In post-communist eastern Europe, a narrative of “pure victimhood”, in which Soviet oppression must always be mentioned alongside (or above) the Holocaust, abuses the history of both. In Hungary and Latvia, anti-Soviet nationalist heroes are celebrated even if they collaborated with the Nazis or took part in massacres or deportations of Jews. The report says workers arrived in "normal health" but a few months in Aldeney left them in a "starved condition" Derek Scally: Holocaust horror can yield deeper insight into dealing with other dilemmas of history ]

The Holocaust’s forgotten massacre

Badly written, but nevertheless offering a useful overview of the holocaust. There must be some – presumably the author's students – who really appreciate reading e.g.: "We see [the 'collective intoxication' of Nazism] in the incel culture of the manosphere …" Eileen M Hunt: Feminism vs Big Brother - Wifedom: Mrs Orwell’s Invisible Life by Anna Funder; Julia by Sandra Newman