David Lagomarsino, Charles T. Wood (Editor) The Trial of Charles I: A Documentary History Pub: Dartmouth College, (1989), ISBN 0-87451-499-1 Even after the disappearance of the divine right of kings and the appearance of constitutional monarchies, the term continued and continues to be used to describe the murder of a king. a b c d Bagge, Sverre (2019). "The Decline of Regicide and the Rise of European Monarchy from the Carolingians to the Early Modern Period". Frühmittelalterliche Studien (in German). 53 (1): 151–189. doi: 10.1515/fmst-2019-005. ISSN 1613-0812. S2CID 203606658. Before the Tudor period, English kings had been murdered while imprisoned (for example Edward II and Edward V) or killed in battle by their subjects (for example Richard III), but none of these deaths are usually referred to as regicide.

Karen Oberhauser was scrambling up a mountain about 100 kilometers northwest of Mexico City when she began to fear for the future of the monarch butterfly. It was the winter of 1996–1997, and Oberhauser, an ecologist then working at the University of Minnesota and more accustomed to the flat, low-lying U.S. Midwest, huffed and puffed during the steep, high-altitude hike. Her head ached in the thin air. But when she stopped to look around, she saw millions of monarchs draped like living jewels on fir trees that hugged the slopes. There are many who would claim that King Herod committed his most heinous deed with the Massacre of the Innocents. However, the story of the slaughter of all boys in Bethlehem under the age of two is only found in the Bible; there are no historical records from the time detailing such an atrocity. Herod’s crimes were much more personal.

Killing Heretics

Some regicides, such as Richard Ingoldsby and Philip Nye, were conditionally pardoned, while a further nineteen served life imprisonment. The bodies of the regicides Cromwell, Bradshaw, and Ireton, which had been buried in Westminster Abbey, were disinterred and hanged, drawn and quartered in posthumous executions. In 1662, three more regicides, John Okey, John Barkstead and Miles Corbet, were also hanged, drawn and quartered. The officers of the court that tried Charles I, those who prosecuted him, and those who signed his death warrant, have been known ever since the restoration as regicides.

The public and many monarch scientists were galvanized by the idea. It made sense—a major food source was vanishing just as Mexico’s butterfly population was crashing. In the winter of Oberhauser’s visit, there had been about 300 million butterflies, but just over a decade later there were fewer than 100 million. The remedy, Oberhauser and others said, was to plant milkweed in large amounts to make up for the losses. Thousands of citizen conservationists answered the call. Michelle Obama planted milkweed in a White House garden. Environmental groups petitioned the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to list the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus plexippus, as a threatened species to give it more habitat protection. By the age of 17, Lewis had a history of armed robbery, arson and animal torture. He idolised the Australian bandit Ned Kelly and American serial killer Charles Manson. Dr. Karen Oberhauser | Staff & Students | About | Monarch Lab". monarchlab.org. Archived from the original on 2019-10-07 . Retrieved 2019-03-08. Agrawal went a step further, gathering several long-term tallies of monarch populations at different parts of the life cycle, including the overwintering data, the NABA data and the funnel-point counts. He and several colleagues wanted to see whether population estimates at one stage could predict estimates at the next stage—a chain of connections crucial to the argument that fewer summer milkweed plants in the Midwest led to fewer winter butterflies in Mexico. The scientists reported in 2016 in the journal Oikos and again in 2018 in Science that there was one big gap near the end of this chain: the last end-of-summer counts did not, in fact, predict winter populations. As Ries had found, summer counts stayed roughly constant even when the winter counts fell. Agreeing with Davis, Agrawal and his co-authors suggested that something seemed to be culling monarchs during their southward fall migration, which seemed more important than events during summer breeding. Do we care what secrets Monarch may unearth? Not especially. But it’s to the show’s credit that we do care what happens to the characters, and what the hell the missing Hiroshi was thinking. That, the grand scale, and the fact that the direction is occasionally allowed to get weird is enough of a hook so far.Over time biologists learned that when spring comes to the valley, as well as to other parts of North America, female monarchs alight on more than 70 species of milkweed plants (genus Asclepias) to feed and to lay eggs. One adult female can lay up to 500 eggs. When that job is done, she dies. From her eggs hatch caterpillars that turn into butterflies; the cycle repeats four to five times during a year. Saunders, S. P.; Ries, L.; Oberhauser, K. S.; Thogmartin, W. E. & Zipkin, E. F. (2018). "Local and cross‐seasonal associations of climate and land use with abundance of monarch butterflies Danaus plexippus". Ecography. 41 (2): 278-290.